Civil+Rights

Federal Interstate Commerce Commission bans segregation on interstate trains and buses. Congress approves a watered-down voting rights act after a filibuster by Southern senators. The Supreme Court rules that segregation is unconstitutional in all transportation facilities. The Department of Defense orders full integration of military reserve units, the National Guard excluded. Race riots prompt modified martial law in Cambridge, Maryland. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers "I Have a Dream" speech to hundreds of thousands at the March on Washington. Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, leaves four young black girls dead. Three civil rights workers disappear in Mississippi after being stopped for speeding; found buried six weeks later. Riots in Harlem, Philadelphia. Malcolm X assassinated. Riot in Watts, Los Angeles. New voting rights act signed. Thurgood Marshall first black to be named to the Supreme Court. Carl Stokes (Cleveland) and Richard G. Hatcher (Gary, Indiana) elected first black mayors of major U.S. cities. Poor People's March on Washington -- planned by King before his death -- goes on.
 * 1954** -- U.S. Supreme Court declares school segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling.
 * 1955** -- Rosa Parks refuses to move to the back of a Montgomery, Alabama, bus as required by city ordinance; boycott follows and bus segregation ordinance is declared unconstitutional.
 * 1956** -- Coalition of Southern congressmen calls for massive resistance to Supreme Court desegregation rulings.
 * 1957** -- Arkansas Gov. Orval Rubus uses National Guard to block nine black students from attending a Little Rock High School; following a court order, President Eisenhower sends in federal troops to ensure compliance.
 * 1960** -- Four black college students begin sit-ins at lunch counter of a Greensboro, North Carolina, restaurant where black patrons are not served.
 * 1961** -- Freedom Rides begin from Washington, D.C., into Southern states.
 * 1962** -- President Kennedy sends federal troops to the University of Mississippi to quell riots so that James Meredith, the school's first black student, can attend.
 * 1963** -- Civil rights leader Medgar Evers is killed by a sniper's bullet.
 * 1964** -- Congress passes Civil Rights Act declaring discrimination based on race illegal after 75-day long filibuster.
 * 1965** -- March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, to demand protection for voting rights; two civil rights workers slain earlier in the year in Selma.
 * 1966** -- Edward Brooke, R-Massachusetts, elected first black U.S. senator in 85 years.
 * 1967** -- Riots in Detroit, Newark, New Jersey.
 * 1968** -- Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee; James Earl Ray later convicted and sentenced to 99 years in prison.
 * 1973** -- Maynard Jackson (Atlanta), first black elected mayor of a major Southern U.S. city.
 * 1975** --Voting Rights Act extended.
 * 1978** -- Supreme Court rules that medical school admission programs that set aside positions based on race are unconstitutional (Bakke decision).
 * 1979** -- Shoot-out in Greensboro, North Carolina, leaves five anti-Klan protesters dead; 12 Klansmen charged with murder.
 * 1983** -- Martin Luther King Jr. federal holiday established.
 * 1988** -- Congress passes Civil Rights Restoration Act over President Reagan's veto.
 * 1989** -- Army Gen. Colin Powell becomes first black to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
 * 1989** -- L. Douglas Wilder (Virginia) becomes first black elected governor.
 * 1990** -- President Bush vetoes a civil rights bill he says would impose quotas for employers; weaker bill passes muster in 1991.
 * 1991** -- Civil rights museum opens at King assassination site in Memphis.
 * 1994** -- Byron De La Beckwith convicted of 1963 Medgar Evers assassination.
 * 1995** -- Supreme Court rules that federal programs that use race as a categorical classification must have "compelling government interest" to do so.
 * 1996** -- Supreme Court rules consideration of race in creating congressional districts is unconstitutional.

Early civil rights efforts
The history of the civil rights movement in the United States actually begins with the early efforts of the fledgling democracy. Missouri Compromise allows slavery in Missouri, but not elsewhere west of the Mississippi and north of Missouri's southern border; repealed in 1854 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery, added to the Constitution. Congress takes over Reconstruction. Riots in Harlem, Detroit. Martin Luther King was fighting for the Black people to be treated equally. Abraham Lincoln, president during the civil war, was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Licoln was shot by the ear then later died in the Peterson house across the street several hours later. martin luther was a great man.
 * 1783** -- Massachusetts outlaws slavery within its borders.
 * 1808** -- Importation of slaves banned; illegal slave trade continues.
 * 1820** -- Eighty-six free blacks sail to Sierra Leone, a British colony in Africa -- first immigration of blacks from U.S. to Africa.
 * 1831** -- Nat Turner leads slave rebellion in Virginia; 57 whites killed; U.S. troops kill 100 slaves; Turner caught, tried and hanged.
 * 1833** -- Oberlin College, first U.S. college to adopt co-education, is first to refuse to ban black students.
 * 1850** -- Compromise of 1850 admits California into the union without slavery, strengthens Fugitive Slave Laws, and ends slave trade in Washington, D.C.
 * 1857** -- Dred Scott Supreme Court decision rules that slaves do not become free when taken into a free state, that Congress cannot bar slavery from a territory, and that blacks cannot become citizens.
 * 1861** -- Confederate States of America formed; Civil War begins.
 * 1863** -- President Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation freeing "all slaves in areas still in rebellion."
 * 1865** -- Civil War ends.
 * 1866** -- Ku Klux Klan formed in secrecy; disbands 1869-71; resurgence in 1915.
 * 1867** -- Series of measures aimed at suffrage, other redresses for former slaves passed over President Andrew Johnson's vetoes.
 * 1868** -- 14th Amendment conferring citizenship added to Constitution.
 * 1870** -- 15th Amendment barring racial discrimination in voting added to Constitution.
 * 1875** -- Congress passes civil rights act granted equal rights in public accommodations and jury duty.
 * 1877** -- Henry O. Flipper becomes first black graduate of U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
 * 1883** -- Supreme Court invalidates 1875 Civil Rights Act, saying that the federal government cannot bar discrimination by corporations or individuals.
 * 1896** -- Supreme Court approves "separate but equal" segregation doctrine.
 * 1906** -- Race riots in Atlanta; 21 dead, city under martial law.
 * 1909** -- National Congress on the Negro convenes, leading to founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
 * 1923** -- Oklahoma placed under martial law because of Ku Klux Klan activities.
 * 1925** -- Ku Klux Klan marches on Washington.
 * 1943** -- War contractors barred from racial discrimination.
 * 1948** -- President Truman issues executive order outlawing segregation in U.S. military.
 * 1952** -- Racial, ethnic barriers to naturalization removed by Immigration and Naturalization Act.Martin Luther King, Jr. was a United States Civil Rights leader.

Civil rights have been a major focus of life in the United States since its inception. The founding fathers of this country believed that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed with certain unalienable rights” such as “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” While these ideals were present at the founding of our nation, realizing these rights for all people has been a hard fought battle that continues to this day.

Over the years, several civil rights acts have been passed to protect certain people groups against discrimination and provide them the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Today, when you hear people talking about the Civil Rights Act they are generally referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark document that made racial segregation illegal in the United States. It also provided for the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair employment practices. The Civil Rights Act was not only monumental for race relations in the United States, but guaranteed that no one would be discriminated against based on their color, sex, age, nation of origin or religion. Despite legislative action taken to prevent discrimination, civil rights violations still occur. When actions are taken to limit the rights of any person on the basis of sex, religion, age, race, color, or disability, a civil rights violation has occurred. It is imperative to have a competent [|civil rights attorney] on your side if you have been the victim of a civil rights violation.

Civil rights cases can be difficult legal actions to take. Proving that discrimination did, indeed, take place, is often based on circumstantial evidence as many employers and people of power are too savvy to make a blatant discriminatory statement or take an action that would provide direct evidence against them. Additionally, you must also be able to counter denials made by the person or institution who violated your civil rights.

Civil rights cases are often complex and demand skill and expertise of a [|civil rights attorney]to be successful. A civil rights lawyer should be intimately familiar with civil rights legislation and have the knowledge and resources to adequately defend your case.Civil rights have been a major focus of life in the United States since its inception. The founding fathers of this country believed that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed with certain unalienable rights” such as “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” While these ideals were present at the founding of our nation, realizing these rights for all people has been a hard fought battle that continues to this day.

Over the years, several civil rights acts have been passed to protect certain people groups against discrimination and provide them the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Today, when you hear people talking about the Civil Rights Act they are generally referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark document that made racial segregation illegal in the United States. It also provided for the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair employment practices. The Civil Rights Act was not only monumental for race relations in the United States, but guaranteed that no one would be discriminated against based on their color, sex, age, nation of origin or religion.

Despite legislative action taken to prevent discrimination, civil rights violations still occur. When actions are taken to limit the rights of any person on the basis of sex, religion, age, race, color, or disability, a civil rights violation has occurred. It is imperative to have a competent [|civil rights attorney] on your side if you have been the victim of a civil rights violation.

Civil rights cases can be difficult legal actions to take. Proving that discrimination did, indeed, take place, is often based on circumstantial evidence as many employers and people of power are too savvy to make a blatant discriminatory statement or take an action that would provide direct evidence against them. Additionally, you must also be able to counter denials made by the person or institution who violated your civil rights.

Civil rights cases are often complex and demand skill and expertise of a [|civil rights attorney]to be successful. A civil rights lawyer should be intimately familiar with civil rights legislation and have the knowledge and resources to adequately defend your case. Civil rights have been a major focus of life in the United States since its inception. The founding fathers of this country believed that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed with certain unalienable rights” such as “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” While these ideals were present at the founding of our nation, realizing these rights for all people has been a hard fought battle that continues to this day.

Over the years, several civil rights acts have been passed to protect certain people groups against discrimination and provide them the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Today, when you hear people talking about the Civil Rights Act they are generally referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark document that made racial segregation illegal in the United States. It also provided for the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair employment practices. The Civil Rights Act was not only monumental for race relations in the United States, but guaranteed that no one would be discriminated against based on their color, sex, age, nation of origin or religion.

Despite legislative action taken to prevent discrimination, civil rights violations still occur. When actions are taken to limit the rights of any person on the basis of sex, religion, age, race, color, or disability, a civil rights violation has occurred. It is imperative to have a competent [|civil rights attorney] on your side if you have been the victim of a civil rights violation.

Civil rights cases can be difficult legal actions to take. Proving that discrimination did, indeed, take place, is often based on circumstantial evidence as many employers and people of power are too savvy to make a blatant discriminatory statement or take an action that would provide direct evidence against them. Additionally, you must also be able to counter denials made by the person or institution who violated your civil rights.

Civil rights cases are often complex and demand skill and expertise of a [|civil rights attorney]to be successful. A civil rights lawyer should be intimately familiar with civil rights legislation and have the knowledge and resources to adequately defend your case. Civil rights have been a major focus of life in the United States since its inception. The founding fathers of this country believed that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed with certain unalienable rights” such as “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” While these ideals were present at the founding of our nation, realizing these rights for all people has been a hard fought battle that continues to this day.

Over the years, several civil rights acts have been passed to protect certain people groups against discrimination and provide them the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Today, when you hear people talking about the Civil Rights Act they are generally referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark document that made racial segregation illegal in the United States. It also provided for the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair employment practices. The Civil Rights Act was not only monumental for race relations in the United States, but guaranteed that no one would be discriminated against based on their color, sex, age, nation of origin or religion.

Despite legislative action taken to prevent discrimination, civil rights violations still occur. When actions are taken to limit the rights of any person on the basis of sex, religion, age, race, color, or disability, a civil rights violation has occurred. It is imperative to have a competent [|civil rights attorney] on your side if you have been the victim of a civil rights violation.

Civil rights cases can be difficult legal actions to take. Proving that discrimination did, indeed, take place, is often based on circumstantial evidence as many employers and people of power are too savvy to make a blatant discriminatory statement or take an action that would provide direct evidence against them. Additionally, you must also be able to counter denials made by the person or institution who violated your civil rights.

Civil rights cases are often complex and demand skill and expertise of a [|civil rights attorney]to be successful. A civil rights lawyer should be intimately familiar with civil rights legislation and have the knowledge and resources to adequately defend your case.